Most Beautiful And Interesting Buildings In History Construction Essay

Most Beautiful And Interesting Buildings In History Construction Essay During modern era nowadays, exciting new innovations in the world of building construction has brought soaring skyscrapers and fresh new approaches to building design. Actually since many years ago building construction was a significant part of our industrial field. If somebody asks what is the most significant, most beautiful and most interesting of the past 1000 years, there will be no single correct answer for this question. Some will choose the Taj Mahal or Eiffel Tower while others might choose the soaring skyscrapers as the most significant building. Perhaps the most innovative building is not fixed for the grand monument only but sometimes obscure home and temples also. These are some of overlooked treasure that still exists till now. The first one is Forbidden City in Beijing,China or some people called it as Purple Forbidden City or Gugong Museum in Chinese. It is one of the largest and best-preserved palace complexes in the world. In Gugong Museum there are over a million rare and valuable objects. It is built between 1406 and 1420 during the Ming Dynasty by a rectangular area of more than 720000 square meters. The Forbidden City was the imperial home for 24 emperors of the Ming ( 1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic1.jpgHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic1.jpgcurrent=pic1.jpg Next is Basilica Palladiana building. The architect who was Andrea Palladio gave the Basilica in Vicenza, Italy two styles of classical columns which are doric on the lower portion and ionic on the upper portion. Originally, the Basilica was a 15th century Gothic building that serve as the town hall for Vicenza and also contained shop. When the old building collapsed, Andrea Palladio won the commission to design a reconstruction of this building. He grabbed this opportunity and created a great stunning transformation covering the old gothic facade with marble columns and porticos modelled after the classical architecture of ancient Rome. http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic2.jpgHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic2.jpgcurrent=pic2.jpg Eiffel Tower in Paris is also one of past greatest building construction. Eiffel Tower was built on 1889 and pioneered new uses for metal construction. Perhaps it was the most famous example of this new use for metal. With 324 feet, Eiffel Tower was measured as the tallest building structure in the world for 40 years. The metal lattice-work formed with very pure structural iron make the tower both extremely light and able to withstand tremendous wind force. During the construction, the Eiffel was considered as an eyesore for the French but the criticism died down once the construction was completed. http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic3.jpgHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic3.jpgcurrent=pic3.jpg The Fuller Building in New York is one of the worldà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s earliest skyscrapers and has been designed by Daniel Burnham architect. It was built on 1902 with a height of 285 feet. The wedge shaped like a clothing iron of this building make it became known as Flatiron Building. This unusual shape of building is because to maximize the use of the triangular lot. A sturdy steel skeleton that has been used during the construction of this building allowed it to achieve record-breaking height without the need for wide supporting walls at the foundation. http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic4.jpgHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic4.jpgcurrent=pic4.jpg Nowadays, there is many and more big challenge facing us. The technology shifts had made the construction technology today more advanced and the world is getting smarter. The construction methods, structure or sustainable building, design and the construction system are rarely important not only at national level but also globally. The example of advance construction building in the world now are the CCTV headquarter in China, Bird Nest Olympic Stadium, Khalifa Building at Dubai and some of other buildings. One of the form that being used today is insulated concrete from construction technology. Insulated concrete form are lightweight, highly durable foam blocks or forms composed of an expanded or extruded polystyrene and recycled materials. These are the formwork that stay a permanent building insulation fore cast in place, reinforced concrete walls, floor and roofs. The forms are consisted of interlocking modular units that are dry stacked and concrete filled. The forms just like LEGO bricks that create form for structural walls or roofs. The concrete is pumped into cavity and stacked in shape. The reinforcing steel bar is placed inside to give flexural strength. The forms are left permanently for the reason of thermal and acoustic insulation and the space to run electrical conduit and plumbing. The advantage of insulated concrete form is that it reduces the consumption of energy, the concrete will absorb solar heat and release it slowly so that heat is distributed throughout the home. Besides it create lower noise from outside world as it high in sound absorption and the system contribute to more peaceful and healthy environment. Over the past 30 years, construction practices had not really changed much because many people thought that there are no problems using the traditional practices. However, for current situation the old practices might be not practical anymore due issues that involved limited area and construction costs that continue to rise in the country and also around the world. Therefore, by using the effective method of construction, we actually can overcome these problems. After several researches that consider all of the elements, there are some methods that believe can practices in the future such as modular construction and sustainable construction (green construction). By using these methods to construct a building, a lot of benefits we could gain in terms of time consuming, capital cost, labour cost and so on. In Malaysia, modular coordination or construction in building had been practiced such a long time ago. It is well documented in Malaysian Standard MS 10064: Part1-10 2001. This practices can provides dimensional basis for the coordination of the dimensions and of those buildings incorporating them, however it also acts to rationalization and industrialization of the building industry. In addition, modular construction can be applied by adding or reducing the size or removing certain components. For developing country likes Malaysia, this method will help the contractor to face the project that running in busy area or high capacity area because it is speed construction and faster returned in investment. In common method of construction, once projects might need to be done in 12 months but by practicing modular construction the work can be done in 90 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 120 days only. This is because, the buildings are sectional prefabricated buildings that consist of multiple modules or sections which are manufactured in a remote facility and then delivered to the site. Modular construction allows the building and the site works to be done simultaneously and this will reduce the time until 50%. Furthermore, the quality of modular buildings is made to match and adhere to all the same building codes as standard construction. Thus, when the building is rebuild the structure become high in quality compared with the previous structure. Moreover, by using this method, all problems involve weather delays, logistical problems and legal hassles increase in turn can be solved because the structure is not build in the site. A lot of advantages we can gain based on modular construction and it is not hard to imagine if the future commercial developments are completed by using this method. http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic5.jpgHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic5.jpgcurrent=pic5.jpg Modular house by Broadway Malyan for Sime Darby Property as a first carbon zero house in Southern East Asia. http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic6.jpgHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic6.jpgcurrent=pic6.jpg The house not only pushed costs expand but also speed up the construction process On the other hand, sustainable construction is one of the practices that might be used widely in future. It involves a greater emphasis on the environmental implication of policy and business decisions in addition to the traditional focus on economic and social objectives. Sustainable building can include measures to reduce energy consumption and associated emissions of carbon dioxide, minimize the use of resources such as water, construction material, etc., reduce the release of pollutants, maximize the use of sustainably sources and recycled materials likes timber, promote sustainable travel choices through public transport and cycling provision, save and enhance biodiversity. Example of sustainable building is building that use sunlight through passive solar, active solar and photovoltaic techniques and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain garden and for reduction of rainwater run-off. Besides that, by using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional c oncrete or asphalt to enhance addition ground water, are used as well. Nevertheless, based on the study done by some researchers, the department usually failed to achieve target ratings and environmental assessment by the government. 80% of the projects are not attained the required standards. Various factors lead to these problems are lack of coherent monitoring on the progress of the projects by the government bodies, lack of sufficient knowledge and expertise in sustainable procurement among those department staff responsible for them, negative perception about the conflict between sustainability and value for money and so on. However, this barriers can be solved by establish a clear information to the division of policy that responsible on sustainable construction to the public sector so that the public will acknowledge clearly about the policy of sustainable construction. Then the responsible division can also establish a source of expertise that available to all departments to provide advice on sustainable construction for smaller construction and refurbishment projects. http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic7.jpgHYPERLINK http://s1141.photobucket.com/albums/n589/nadiahasbullah/?action=viewcurrent=pic7.jpgcurrent=pic7.jpg Bird Island is currently developed in Kuala Lumpur. Designed by Grafts Lab Architect for YTL Green Home Competition. In a nutshell, for future building construction, all elements of environmental friendly must be considered in order to construct a building or structure. This is because as we know, we need to save our Earth by reducing energy costs such as electrics, reduce air quality and construction materials and many more. Therefore, by applying modular construction and green construction will lead us to help our nature.

Human Cloning is Wrong :: essays research papers

Is human cloning wrong? Many people over the years and today have been asking themselves that question. In my opinion cloning would be playing God. Since the beginning of time God has devised a good and proper plan to make babies. Why mess with it? The process of cloning scientifically means to genetically copy an organism and create a â€Å"replica† that has the same DNA, whose cells time have been turned back, yet the two are not exactly the same. Over the past decades many cloning experiences had failed. Cloning was first tried in 1938 by a German embryologist, Han Spemann, yet it failed. It was not until 1970 when cloning became possible. The first animals to be cloned were frogs, and over time, cows, pigs, a sheep (only Dolly), and monkeys have been successful. For example, Dolly, born July 5, 1995, was the first mammal to be successfully cloned out of 200 embryos, at Roslin institute in Scotland. The team that created her, led by Scotsman Ian Wilmut, hoped to create an animal whose cells were genetically young again, rather than prematurely adult, but on February14, 2006, six years later after she was born, they had put her to sleep. She was diagnosed with lung disease, however it’s a fairly common disease in sheep, she also had premature arthritis. Nobody knows if her death has anything to do with being cloned. Over 200 sheep failed embryos were thrown away, so if the failure rate was that high when we start to clone humans more than 200 embryos/200 human beings would die for just one embryo that would have the same DNA as someone else†¦ think about it. The ones that may survive may die later, catch infections that’s soon leads to death, or have abnormities and many more Studies shown that 4 outta 12 cow birth mothers died. Just imagine human birth mothers, we would be killing many innocent lives. However the cloning of any species whether they are human or not its morally wrong no matter how beneficial to humanity as it may b e. People should be aware on the negatives of cloning, it’s unethical, very risky, and irreligious...in my eyes just plain wrong. In addition, cloning involves killing a great number of embryos. Therefore, out of many of animals that were cloned, very few have survived and the ones that have cant live on their own and have become dependant on scientists for everything down to oxygen. Human Cloning is Wrong :: essays research papers Is human cloning wrong? Many people over the years and today have been asking themselves that question. In my opinion cloning would be playing God. Since the beginning of time God has devised a good and proper plan to make babies. Why mess with it? The process of cloning scientifically means to genetically copy an organism and create a â€Å"replica† that has the same DNA, whose cells time have been turned back, yet the two are not exactly the same. Over the past decades many cloning experiences had failed. Cloning was first tried in 1938 by a German embryologist, Han Spemann, yet it failed. It was not until 1970 when cloning became possible. The first animals to be cloned were frogs, and over time, cows, pigs, a sheep (only Dolly), and monkeys have been successful. For example, Dolly, born July 5, 1995, was the first mammal to be successfully cloned out of 200 embryos, at Roslin institute in Scotland. The team that created her, led by Scotsman Ian Wilmut, hoped to create an animal whose cells were genetically young again, rather than prematurely adult, but on February14, 2006, six years later after she was born, they had put her to sleep. She was diagnosed with lung disease, however it’s a fairly common disease in sheep, she also had premature arthritis. Nobody knows if her death has anything to do with being cloned. Over 200 sheep failed embryos were thrown away, so if the failure rate was that high when we start to clone humans more than 200 embryos/200 human beings would die for just one embryo that would have the same DNA as someone else†¦ think about it. The ones that may survive may die later, catch infections that’s soon leads to death, or have abnormities and many more Studies shown that 4 outta 12 cow birth mothers died. Just imagine human birth mothers, we would be killing many innocent lives. However the cloning of any species whether they are human or not its morally wrong no matter how beneficial to humanity as it may b e. People should be aware on the negatives of cloning, it’s unethical, very risky, and irreligious...in my eyes just plain wrong. In addition, cloning involves killing a great number of embryos. Therefore, out of many of animals that were cloned, very few have survived and the ones that have cant live on their own and have become dependant on scientists for everything down to oxygen.

Office Automation Essay

Office automation has made office work to be efficient nowadays for the organizations that have adopted the system. Office automation usually refers to a situation where office activities are computerized so that it becomes easier for them to be executed faster and efficiently. This had been facilitated by use of computer in the office and it has really help many companies to cut cost in terms of manpower. Office automation has been relied on by many companies to collect, store, create and transmit office information when they are needed in order to accomplish some basic activities in the office. (Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P, 1994) Our organization has adopted a number of automation and collaboration software to enable them carry on their activities efficiently and to cut cost on wages and salaries. Collaborative software is a system that an organization adopts in order to ensure that the organization is working a coordinated manner when they are executing they office work in their day to day activities. Our organization has not been left in terms of automation as it has implemented some collaborative software to facilitate office activities. Some of the collaborative software that has been adopted by our organization is use of email and instant messaging. The use of email to communicate in our organization has facilitated conveying of messages and data from one point to another either within the organization or even outside the organization. Since the organization adopted the system, it has seen the organization be able to cut cost in term on the cost it incurred previously to send communication via other mode of transmission. However, when it comes to internal communication within the organization, our company has adopted intranet system where employees within the organization uses company mail to send emails to each others only. The use of email in the office has some advantage in that it is the cheapest means of communication, one can forward the mail to another person, one can open the mail from any computer in the world that is connected to the internet, and there is unlimited storage facility. Another advantage of using email to communicate is that the message can be stored in the receiver’s inbox even if he is not in the office. Some of the disadvantages of email are that it might not be used to communicate confidential information; people might misuse the facility and keep on browsing through the internet instead of working. Instant messaging is collaborative software that has been adopted by our organization to communicate within or outside the organization. This facility is very popular in our organization as one get feedback immediately after sending a message to the other person either within or outside the organization. The disadvantage of the facility is that since it requires instant feedback it cannot be used to communicate if the receiver is not there to reply to the message. The facility also cannot be used to communicate detailed information like data and for this case; it needs someone to use another facility. The facility also cannot be used where one want to attach something like a photograph or a map. (Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P, 1994) The collaborative software adopted by our organization has been of great use in our organization to convey messages within and outside the organization. Our company has saved a lot when it adopted the facilities and abandoned the older mean of communication where they used fax or even letters and parcel which are slow and expensive.

Dracula the Victorian Vampire and Fallout From Repressive English Culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1671 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Dracula Essay Did you like this example? In the novel Dracula, Bram Stoker describes his vision of the fallout from repressive English culture concerning sexuality and sexual acts of vampires and Dracula. Stokers vision of what the English society was and would become is represented by Dracula and his vampires. In the Victorian 19th century, gender and sexuality played a huge roll in the everyday life of English societies especially for women. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dracula: the Victorian Vampire and Fallout From Repressive English Culture" essay for you Create order As much as this book focuses on supernatural creatures, I believe that it also entertains the Victorian male imagination, specifically on the topic of female sexuality. This time was extremely difficult for the Victorian women because not only did they not have many legal rights but their sexual behavior was mandated by the societys extremely harsh expectations. If a woman was in between those two options she was most likely considered a whore in the excessive society of the English. Through the examples of Lucy, Mina, Dracula, vampires, and the overall exaggeration of sex in this novel, I will explore and come to a conclusion about how Stoker Describes his vision of Sexuality in the Victorian era. The Ideal woman in the Victorian era was characterized to be pure, chaste, and god- serving. Women were expected to wait till marriage to have sex and it was supposed to be purely for the purpose of having kids and to promote and strengthen the bond between husband and wife. The nature of marriages in the 19th Century were often not love based. Apparently marriage among many couples was as much a product of the heart as of contract or logic. Furthermore, the Victorian sense of romantic love placed considerable emphasis on the spiritual nature of the marital Bond, and sex was seen as a way of enhancing spiritual closeness (Ideology and Sexuality among Victorian Women,149). The idea of sex became a huge part of the culture in England and it was used as a tool in different scenarios: Degler Believes that women were using the rate of sex as a tool for power bargaining and the household. By withholding sex from their husbands (who presumably desire to high rate of it) woman could exert co ntrol over other household decisionsFurthermore love and necessity were frequently cited as rationalizations in conjunction with or in the absence of reports concerning pleasure from sex (Ideology and Sexuality among Victorian Women,150). With this evidence, I believe it is clear that sex was rarely used for pleasure and if it was it was the product of a role of a women or weak willpower from the man and woman. Lucy Westenra and Mina Murray are the epitome of the Victorian Ideal woman in Stokers Dracula. Both women are pure and innocent of the worlds evils, and devoted to their men. The two women who are best friends are very important to showing Stokers vision for multiple reasons, including showing how they were originally complete opposites of Draculas wives and to show how a womens sexual behavior can socially make or break her. Lucy is the first of the Ideal woman to be turned into a vampire, and Dracula knows how woman can control men through sexual desires Your girls that you all love are mine already; and through them you and others shall yet be mine my creatures, to do my bidding and to be my jackals when I want to feed (Dracula, Ch. 23). In the story he is turning them into monsters but Stoker is subtly saying that this woman has lost her respectable nature and is welcoming the voluptuousness life. This part of the novel is very important because it shows how easy it is for men to corrupt and control women in the 19th century and how quickly a womans reputation can be ruined because of her sexual life. Lucy is the stepping stone for Dracula to walk on and continue his corruption of men and women. Once Lucy is a vampire, she becomes Stokers example of what would arise from the fallout of the repressive English culture. She becomes a sex craved representing the exact opposite of the culture of their time She still advanced, however, and with a languorous, voluptuous grace, said Come to me Arthur. Leave these others and come to me. My arms are hungry for you. Come, and we can rest together. Come, my husband, come! (Dracula, Ch. 16). Mina is another example of the perfect Victorian woman who is attacked by Dracula. Stoker changes the script with how he describes Minas encounter with Dracula and how corrupts her. Unlike Lucy, Mina was the victim of a direct attack from Dracula himself and in this case Dracula represents a rapist With his left hand he held both Mrs. Harkers hands, keeping them away with her arms at full tension; his right hand gripped her by the back of the neck, forcing her face down on his bosom. Her white nightdress was smeared with blood, and a thin stream trickled down the mans bare breast which was shown by his torn-open dress (Dracula, Ch. 21). When vampires feed on humans, male or female, it is considered a sexual act, so when Dracula forces Mina to drink his own blood it is meant to be him raping her. Mina is described as in this novel as an immensely intelligent and understanding character. Her Intellect and aspirations to do more than the average Victorian women leads us to believe she i s an example of the New Woman. She is the first woman in Stokers novel to show masculine qualities which is dangerous to the Victorian men, Dracula likewise recognizes something wayward in Mina. While he does not make the connection explicit, Dracula suggests that Mina has always harbored some resentment against the men who would exclude her from their trust, evoking the chivalric ideal of masculinity in order to withhold access to information and power. To Mina, Dracula offers retribution in exchange for her allegiance (Your Girls That You All Love Are Mine Already, 22). Draculas three wives that reside in his castle in Transylvania are meant to represent the exact opposite of the ideal Victorian women. Stoker describes them as everything a Victorian woman shouldnt be in their society I am alone in the castle with those awful women. Faugh! Mina is a woman, and there is nought in common. They are devils of the Pit! (Dracula, Ch. 4). The three women are impure, sexual aggressive monsters as described by Jonathan Harker. These three vampires are Stokers examples of unconventional women in the 19th century who seduce men, and in this novel their seductions powers are heightened making it almost impossible to resist I was afraid to raise my eyelids, but looked out and saw perfectly under the lashes. The girl went on her knees, and bent over me, simply gloating. There was a deliberate voluptuousness which was both thrilling and repulsive, and as she arched her neck, she actually licked her lips like an animal .. Lower and lower went her head as the lips we nt below the range of my mouth and chin and seemed about to fasten on my throat. I closed my eyes in a languorous ecstasy and waited waited with beating heart. (Dracula, Ch. 16). The three vampires here voluptuous and highly sexualized in this part of the novel, playing with Harkers head. The position that these women put him in and the display of female sexual aggression from these vampires both attracts and repulses Harker. The fact that Harker had to close his eyes indicates his weakness to handle open sexuality. In the Victorian society that prioritizes and rewards virginity, the extremely sexual situation that he is put in with three women sparks fantasies and puts him in a state of ecstasy. This is Stokers idea of what would happen eventually in the repressive culture in which he resided; Everything would be highly sexualized and virginity and domesticity would be less important. Dracula is the vocal point of sexulization in this novel and he has many different roles in what Stoker is trying to say about the Victorian era. Dracula represents the many sexual desires both man and women had in the 19th century, and the majority of his power (as character and narrative figure) rests in his mutability, for in Dracula multiple (even contradictory) narratives collide. (Your Girls That You All Love Are Mine Already, 30). His many narratives allow him to take the variation of every desire there is to be explored, whether it is heterosexual, homosexual or even bisexual. Dracula exhibits interest with Jonathan but never acts upon it which withheld a deep desire he had so he looks to find enjoyment with other genders Dracula is essentially homoerotic and is rooted in Draculas unfulfilled sexual ambition to fuse with a male [Jonathan]. Always postponed and never directly enacted, this desire finds evasive fulfillment in an important series of heterosexual displacements (Coitus Interruptus: Sex, Bram Stoker, and Dracula, 6). Dracula also exploits the male fears in their society that women would no longer be controlled and expected to do what men wanted. Stoker creates this threat which causes immense anxiety to the men of the Victorian era because Dracula vivifies the threat of the female vampire by activating a cluster of anxious social narratives. Stoker naturalizes patterns of association which equate female sexuality with criminality, forces which threaten both British masculinity and the empire as a whole (Your Girls That You All Love Are Mine Already, 29-30). Bram Stokers vision of the fallout from the repressive English culture concerning sexuality and sexual acts motivates him to write Dracula and deliver his message to the readers. The Exaggeration of sex in this novel combined with the Victorian conception of sexuality introduces new ideas to the that would be an outrage to their current society. This novel used monsters to talk about unpopular topics of the 19th century, and I believe that Stokers message and vision was clear: He was not a fan of what would soon change about the world regarding sex and gender.